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šŸš€ Guia Completo de Deploy em ProduĆ§Ć£o

Este guia abrangente cobre todos os aspectos do deploy do Django Base em produĆ§Ć£o, desde a configuraĆ§Ć£o inicial atĆ© monitoramento e manutenĆ§Ć£o.

šŸ“‹ PrĆ©-requisitos de ProduĆ§Ć£o

Servidor

  • Ubuntu 20.04+ / CentOS 8+ (recomendado)
  • 4GB RAM mĆ­nimo (8GB+ recomendado)
  • 20GB+ de armazenamento SSD
  • Acesso root ou sudo

DomĆ­nio e SSL

  • DomĆ­nio prĆ³prio configurado
  • Certificado SSL (Let's Encrypt gratuito)

ServiƧos Externos

  • PostgreSQL 13+ (banco de dados)
  • Redis 6+ (cache e sessƵes)
  • SMTP (envio de emails)

šŸ—ļø Arquitetura de ProduĆ§Ć£o

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graph TB
    A[Load Balancer/Nginx] --> B[Gunicorn]
    B --> C[Django Application]
    C --> D[PostgreSQL]
    C --> E[Redis Cache]
    C --> F[Static Files/CDN]
    G[Celery Workers] --> E
    H[Monitoring] --> C

šŸ³ Deploy com Docker (Recomendado)

1. PreparaĆ§Ć£o do Servidor

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# Atualizar sistema
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# Instalar Docker
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

# Instalar Docker Compose
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# Reiniciar sessĆ£o para aplicar mudanƧas
exit

2. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o do Projeto

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# Clone do projeto
git clone https://github.com/seu-usuario/seu-projeto.git
cd seu-projeto

# Criar arquivo de produĆ§Ć£o
cp dotenv_files/.env-example .env.prod

3. Configurar VariƔveis de Ambiente

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# .env.prod
DEBUG=False
SECRET_KEY=sua-chave-secreta-super-segura-aqui
ALLOWED_HOSTS=seudominio.com,www.seudominio.com
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://usuario:senha@db:5432/nome_db
REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
EMAIL_HOST=smtp.gmail.com
EMAIL_PORT=587
EMAIL_HOST_USER=seu-email@gmail.com
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=sua-senha-app
EMAIL_USE_TLS=True

4. Deploy com Docker Compose

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# Iniciar serviƧos de produĆ§Ć£o
make docker-prod

# Ou manualmente:
docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d --build

5. ConfiguraƧƵes PĆ³s-Deploy

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# Executar migraƧƵes
docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec web python manage.py migrate

# Criar superusuƔrio
docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec web python manage.py createsuperuser

# Coletar arquivos estƔticos
docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec web python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

āš™ļø Deploy Manual (Alternativo)

1. PreparaĆ§Ć£o do Sistema

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# Instalar dependĆŖncias do sistema
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y python3.12 python3.12-venv python3-pip nginx postgresql postgresql-contrib redis-server

# Criar usuĆ”rio para aplicaĆ§Ć£o
sudo adduser django
sudo usermod -aG sudo django

2. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o do PostgreSQL

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# Conectar ao PostgreSQL
sudo -u postgres psql

-- Criar banco e usuƔrio
CREATE DATABASE django_prod;
CREATE USER django_user WITH PASSWORD 'senha_super_segura';
ALTER ROLE django_user SET client_encoding TO 'utf8';
ALTER ROLE django_user SET default_transaction_isolation TO 'read committed';
ALTER ROLE django_user SET timezone TO 'UTC';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE django_prod TO django_user;
\q

3. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o da AplicaĆ§Ć£o

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# Mudar para usuƔrio django
sudo su - django

# Clone e configuraĆ§Ć£o
git clone https://github.com/seu-usuario/seu-projeto.git
cd seu-projeto

# Ambiente virtual
python3.12 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# Instalar dependĆŖncias
pip install -r project/requirements.txt
pip install gunicorn psycopg2-binary

# Configurar ambiente
cp dotenv_files/.env-example .env
# Editar .env com configuraƧƵes de produĆ§Ć£o

4. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o do Gunicorn

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# Criar arquivo de configuraĆ§Ć£o
cat > gunicorn.conf.py << EOF
bind = "127.0.0.1:8000"
workers = 3
worker_class = "sync"
worker_connections = 1000
max_requests = 1000
max_requests_jitter = 100
timeout = 30
keepalive = 5
preload_app = True
EOF

5. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o do Systemd

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# Criar service file
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/django.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Django Gunicorn daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
User=django
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/django/seu-projeto/project
ExecStart=/home/django/seu-projeto/venv/bin/gunicorn --config /home/django/seu-projeto/gunicorn.conf.py project.wsgi:application
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Habilitar e iniciar serviƧo
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable django
sudo systemctl start django

6. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o do Nginx

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# Criar configuraĆ§Ć£o do site
sudo tee /etc/nginx/sites-available/django << EOF
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name seudominio.com www.seudominio.com;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    location /static/ {
        root /home/django/seu-projeto/project;
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    location /media/ {
        root /home/django/seu-projeto/project;
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    location / {
        include proxy_params;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header Host \$host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto \$scheme;
    }
}
EOF

# Habilitar site
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/django /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

šŸ”’ ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o SSL com Let's Encrypt

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# Instalar Certbot
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

# Obter certificado SSL
sudo certbot --nginx -d seudominio.com -d www.seudominio.com

# Testar renovaĆ§Ć£o automĆ”tica
sudo certbot renew --dry-run

šŸ“Š Monitoramento e Logs

1. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o de Logs

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# project/settings/production.py
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'formatters': {
        'verbose': {
            'format': '{levelname} {asctime} {module} {process:d} {thread:d} {message}',
            'style': '{',
        },
    },
    'handlers': {
        'file': {
            'level': 'INFO',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': '/var/log/django/django.log',
            'maxBytes': 1024*1024*10,  # 10MB
            'backupCount': 5,
            'formatter': 'verbose',
        },
    },
    'root': {
        'handlers': ['file'],
        'level': 'INFO',
    },
}

2. Monitoramento com Prometheus (Opcional)

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# docker-compose.monitoring.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./monitoring/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin

šŸ”§ ManutenĆ§Ć£o e Backup

1. Backup Automatizado

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# Script de backup
cat > backup.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
BACKUP_DIR="/home/django/backups"

# Criar diretĆ³rio se nĆ£o existir
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# Backup do banco de dados
pg_dump -h localhost -U django_user django_prod > $BACKUP_DIR/db_backup_$DATE.sql

# Backup dos arquivos de media
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/media_backup_$DATE.tar.gz /home/django/seu-projeto/project/media/

# Manter apenas os Ćŗltimos 7 backups
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.sql" -mtime +7 -delete
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup concluĆ­do: $DATE"
EOF

chmod +x backup.sh

# Adicionar ao crontab para execuĆ§Ć£o diĆ”ria
echo "0 2 * * * /home/django/backup.sh" | crontab -

2. AtualizaƧƵes de SeguranƧa

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# Script de atualizaĆ§Ć£o
cat > update.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
cd /home/django/seu-projeto

# Backup antes da atualizaĆ§Ć£o
./backup.sh

# Atualizar cĆ³digo
git pull origin main

# Atualizar dependĆŖncias
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -r project/requirements.txt

# Executar migraƧƵes
cd project
python manage.py migrate

# Coletar arquivos estƔticos
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

# Reiniciar serviƧos
sudo systemctl restart django
sudo systemctl reload nginx

echo "AtualizaĆ§Ć£o concluĆ­da"
EOF

chmod +x update.sh

šŸšØ Troubleshooting

Problemas Comuns

1. Erro 502 Bad Gateway

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# Verificar status do Gunicorn
sudo systemctl status django

# Verificar logs
sudo journalctl -u django -f

# Verificar configuraĆ§Ć£o do Nginx
sudo nginx -t

2. Problemas de PermissĆ£o

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# Ajustar permissƵes dos arquivos estƔticos
sudo chown -R django:www-data /home/django/seu-projeto/project/static/
sudo chmod -R 755 /home/django/seu-projeto/project/static/

3. Problemas de Banco de Dados

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# Verificar conexĆ£o
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT version();"

# Verificar logs do PostgreSQL
sudo tail -f /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-13-main.log

šŸ“ˆ OtimizaƧƵes de Performance

1. Cache com Redis

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# settings/production.py
CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django_redis.cache.RedisCache',
        'LOCATION': 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'CLIENT_CLASS': 'django_redis.client.DefaultClient',
        }
    }
}

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = 'default'

2. ConfiguraĆ§Ć£o de CDN

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# Para arquivos estƔticos em CDN
STATIC_URL = 'https://cdn.seudominio.com/static/'
MEDIA_URL = 'https://cdn.seudominio.com/media/'

3. OtimizaĆ§Ć£o do Banco

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-- ƍndices importantes
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_user_email ON auth_user(email);
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_created_at ON core_model(created_at);

āœ… Checklist Final

  • [ ] Servidor configurado e atualizado
  • [ ] PostgreSQL instalado e configurado
  • [ ] Redis instalado e funcionando
  • [ ] AplicaĆ§Ć£o deployada e rodando
  • [ ] Nginx configurado com SSL
  • [ ] Backups automatizados configurados
  • [ ] Monitoramento implementado
  • [ ] Logs configurados
  • [ ] Testes de carga realizados
  • [ ] DocumentaĆ§Ć£o atualizada

šŸŽ‰ ParabĆ©ns! Sua aplicaĆ§Ć£o Django Base estĆ” rodando em produĆ§Ć£o com todas as melhores prĆ”ticas implementadas.

Para suporte, consulte nossa documentaĆ§Ć£o completa ou abra uma issue.